The Impact of Trade Liberalization on Gender Wage Inequality of South Korea\u27s Labor Market

This paper examines the impact of export growth on the real gender wage gap in the manufacturing industry in South Korea. Using industry-level panel data, I measure the effect of output growth, triggered by export growth, on both female employment and the real gender wage gap from 1994 to 2017. There is insufficient evidence that output or export growth contributed to lessening the real gender wage gap

Sensory and chemical/nutritional characteristics of concept foods made from underutilized sweet potato roots and greens

Frozen desserts and a smoothie were developed from underutilized sweet potato roots and from greens, respectively. Frozen desserts were formulated with mashed sweet potato, coconut oil, and dairy, almond, or soy milk. Sweet potato greens were blanched and frozen before being made into a smoothie. Increased mash in the frozen desserts resulted in better (p≤0.05) color, overall intensity of flavor, and sweet potato flavor. Descriptive and consumer panelists found no differences (p\u3e0.05) in frozen desserts with difference base milk products. Almond milk frozen dessert was lower in total solids, protein and Brix (p≤0.05), compared to dairy and soy milk. Greens blanched for 30s showed complete peroxidase inhibition and acceptable texture. Blanching decreased carbohydrates and soluble minerals of greens mainly due to water. The results showed that consumers liked lactoseree sweet potato-based frozen desserts and showed that properly blanched greens could be used in valueded products like smoothies

Distance, magnetic field and kinematics of a filamentary cloud LDN 1157

LDN 1157, is one of the several clouds situated in the cloud complex, LDN 1147/1158, represents a coma-shaped morphology with a well-collimated bipolar outflow emanating from a Class 0 protostar, LDN 1157-mm. The main goals of this work are (a) to map the inter-cloud magnetic field (ICMF) geometry of the region surrounding LDN 1157 to investigate its relationship with the cloud morphology, with the outflow direction and with the core magnetic field (CMF) geometry inferred from the mm- and sub-mm polarization results from the literature, and (b) to investigate the kinematic structure of the cloud. We carried out R-band polarization observations of the stars projected on the cloud to map the pc-scale magnetic field geometry and made spectroscopic observations of the entire cloud in 12CO, C18O and N2H+ (J=1-0) lines to investigate its kinematic structure. We obtained a distance of 340$\pm$3 pc to the LDN 1147/1158, complex based on the Gaia DR2 parallaxes and proper motion values of the three YSOs associated with the complex. A single filament of $\sim1.2$ pc in length and $\sim0.09$ pc in width is found to run all along the coma-shaped cloud. Based on the relationships between the ICMF, CMF, filament orientations, outflow direction, and the presence of an hour-glass morphology of the magnetic field, it is likely that the magnetic field had played an important role in the star formation process in LDN 1157. Combining the proper motions of the YSOs and the radial velocity of LDN 1147/1158 and another complex LDN 1172/1174 which is situated $\sim2$\dgr~east of it, we found that both the complexes are moving collectively toward the Galactic plane. The filamentary morphology of the east-west segment of LDN 1157 may have formed as a result of mass lost by ablation due to the interaction of the moving cloud with the ambient interstellar medium.Comment: 20 pages, Accepted in Astronomy & Astrophysics, Abstract has been shortened due to word limit in arxi

TRAO Survey of Nearby Filamentary Molecular clouds, the Universal Nursery of Stars (TRAO FUNS) I. Dynamics and Chemistry of L1478 in the California Molecular Cloud

"TRAO FUNS" is a project to survey Gould Belt's clouds in molecular lines. This paper presents its first results on the central region of the California molecular cloud, L1478. We performed On-The-Fly mapping observations using the Taedeok Radio Astronomy Observatory (TRAO) 14m single dish telescope equipped with a 16 multi-beam array covering $\sim$1.0 square degree area of this region using C$^{18}$O (1-0) mainly tracing low density cloud and about 460 square arcminute area using N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ (1-0) mainly tracing dense cores. CS (2-1) and SO $(3_{2}-2_{1})$ were also used simultaneously to map $\sim$440 square arcminute area of this region. We identified 10 filaments by applying the dendrogram technique to the C$^{18}$O data-cube and 8 dense N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ cores by using {\sc FellWalker}. Basic physical properties of filaments such as mass, length, width, velocity field, and velocity dispersion are derived. It is found that L1478 consists of several filaments with slightly different velocities. Especially the filaments which are supercritical are found to contain dense cores detected in N$_{2}$H$^{+}$. Comparison of non-thermal velocity dispersions derived from C$^{18}$O and N$_{2}$H$^{+}$ for the filaments and dense cores indicates that some of dense cores share similar kinematics with those of the surrounding filaments while several dense cores have different kinematics with those of their filaments. This suggests that the formation mechanism of dense cores and filaments can be different in individual filaments depending on their morphologies and environments.Comment: 25 pages, 15 figures, accepted for publication in Ap

Modelling Surround-aware Contrast Sensitivity for HDR Displays

Despite advances in display technology, many existing applications rely on psychophysical datasets of human perception gathered using older, sometimes outdated displays. As a result, there exists the underlying assumption that such measurements can be carried over to the new viewing conditions of more modern technology. We have conducted a series of psychophysical experiments to explore contrast sensitivity using a state-of-the-art HDR display, taking into account not only the spatial frequency and luminance of the stimuli but also their surrounding luminance levels. From our data, we have derived a novel surroundaware contrast sensitivity function (CSF), which predicts human contrast sensitivity more accurately. We additionally provide a practical version that retains the benefits of our full model, while enabling easy backward compatibility and consistently producing good results across many existing applications that make use of CSF models. We show examples of effective HDR video compression using a transfer function derived from our CSF, tone-mapping, and improved accuracy in visual difference prediction

Sensory and Nutritional Characteristics of Concept Frozen Desserts Made from Underutilized Sweetpotato Roots

A traditional dairy-based frozen dessert (ice cream) was developed with three levels of sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) puree [20%, 30%, and 40% (by weight)] to determine the impact of sweetpotato content on product functionality, nutritional content, and sensory characteristics. Increased sweetpotato puree resulted in increased orange color, flavor intensity, and sweetpotato flavor, but 40% puree proved difficult to incorporate into the mixture. Additionally, nondairy frozen desserts containing 30% sweetpotato puree were compared with a milk-based control in which all ingredients were the same except that milk was replaced with soy (Glycine max) and almond (Prunus dulcis) milk. Consumer acceptability tests were conducted with panelists at Mississippi State University (n = 101) and in Pontotoc, MS (n = 43). Panelists in Pontotoc rated the overall acceptability of all three frozen desserts the same, but they preferred the appearance of the milk-based frozen dessert over that of soy- and almond-based milk alternatives. According to the panelists at Mississippi State, the milk-based frozen dessert had greater overall acceptability and aroma than the almond-based dessert and a preferential texture and appearance compared with the soy- and almond-based desserts. Milk-, soy-, and almond-based frozen desserts were rated as “slightly liked” or better by 92%, 80%, and 69% of the panelists, respectively

Simulation-Based Calibration Checking for Bayesian Computation: The Choice of Test Quantities Shapes Sensitivity

Simulation-based calibration checking (SBC) is a practical method to validate computationally-derived posterior distributions or their approximations. In this paper, we introduce a new variant of SBC to alleviate several known problems. Our variant allows the user to in principle detect any possible issue with the posterior, while previously reported implementations could never detect large classes of problems including when the posterior is equal to the prior. This is made possible by including additional data-dependent test quantities when running SBC. We argue and demonstrate that the joint likelihood of the data is an especially useful test quantity. Some other types of test quantities and their theoretical and practical benefits are also investigated. We support our recommendations with numerical case studies on a multivariate normal example and theoretical analysis of SBC, thereby providing a more complete understanding of the underlying statistical mechanisms. From the theoretical side, we also bring attention to a relatively common mistake in the literature and clarify the difference between SBC and checks based on the data-averaged posterior. The SBC variant introduced in this paper is implemented in the SBC R package.Comment: 42 pages, 10 figure

Transmission of antibiotic resistance at the wildlife-livestock interface

Antibiotic-resistant microorganisms (ARMs) are widespread in natural environments, animals (wildlife and livestock), and humans, which has reduced our capacity to control life threatening infectious disease. Yet, little is known about their transmission pathways, especially at the wildlife-livestock interface. This study investigated the potential transmission of ARMs and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) between cattle and wildlife by comparing gut microbiota and ARG profiles of feral swine (Sus scrofa), coyotes (Canis latrans), cattle (Bos taurus), and environmental microbiota. Unexpectedly, wild animals harbored more abundant ARMs and ARGs compared to grazing cattle. Gut microbiota of cattle was significantly more similar to that of feral swine captured within the cattle grazing area where the home range of both species overlapped substantially. In addition, ARMs against medically important antibiotics were more prevalent in wildlife than grazing cattle, suggesting that wildlife could be a source of ARMs colonization in livestock